Snowden leaks: France summons US envoy over spying claims
Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said he was "deeply shocked" by the report.
Le Monde says the data, based on leaks from ex-intelligence analyst Edward Snowden, suggest a US security agency monitored businesses and officials as well as terrorism suspects.
The intercepts were apparently triggered by certain key words.
"It's incredible that an allied country like the United States at this point goes as far as spying on private communications that have no strategic justification, no justification on the basis of national defence," Mr Ayrault told journalists.
Le Monde says the National Security Agency (NSA) spied on 70.3 million phone calls in France in just 30 days between 10 December last year and 8 January 2013.
The agency also apparently captured millions of text messages.
It was unclear whether the content of the calls and messages was stored, or just the metadata - the details of who is speaking to whom.
And the paper did not say whether the operation, codenamed US-985D, was still in progress.
French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius announced that he had summoned the US ambassador to discuss the claims "immediately".
The US embassy in Paris categorically denied the US had been involved in any cyber attack on the French government.
The BBC's Christian Fraser in Paris says the outrage is largely for public consumption, because the French government has been accused of running its own snooping operation similar to the US.
Le Monde reported in July that the French government was storing vast amounts of personal data of its citizens on a supercomputer at the headquarters of the DGSE intelligence service.
Connections inside France and between France and other countries were all monitored, Le Monde reported. Emails, text messages, telephone and internet browsing records are stored for years, it said.
The latest revelations follow claims in the German media that US agents hacked into the email account of former Mexican President Felipe Calderon.
Mr Snowden, a former NSA worker, went public with revelations about US spying operations in June.
The information he leaked led to claims of systematic spying by the NSA and CIA on a global scale.
Targets included rivals like China and Russia, as well as allies like the EU and Brazil.
The NSA was also forced to admit it had captured email and phone data from millions of Americans.
Mr Snowden is currently in Russia, where he was granted a year-long visa after making an asylum application.
The US wants him extradited to face trial on criminal charges.
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